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- <text id=94TT0125>
- <title>
- Jan. 31, 1994: The Arts & Media:Music
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jan. 31, 1994 California:State of Shock
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE ARTS & MEDIA, Page 113
- Music
- Gershwin, By George
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>It's the composer at the keyboard on a new, high-tech recording
- of 12 of his best pieces, originally cut as piano rolls
- </p>
- <p>By Michael Walsh--Reported by Daniel S. Levy/New York
- </p>
- <p> George Gershwin's early years were the heyday of ragtime and
- the blues, of barroom and bordello "perfessers" in spats and
- hats, of Tin Pan Alley song pluggers and sidewalk player pianos,
- whose invisible hands held passersby enthralled with their fascinatin'
- rhythms. So young George was only doing what came naturally
- when, at age 18, he sat down to cut a piano roll of his first
- published song, a frisky ditty called When You Want 'Em, You
- Can't Get 'Em, When You've Got 'Em, You Don't Want 'Em.
- </p>
- <p> That was the first of some 130 rolls Gershwin made between 1916
- and 1927, mostly of his own music. For decades the Gershwin
- piano rolls have largely been forgotten, known only to a handful
- of collectors who possessed both the rolls and the pianos upon
- which they could be played. Now, thanks to the enterprise of
- Gershwin scholar Artis Wodehouse, everyone can enjoy them: Gershwin
- Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls (Elektra/Nonesuch) is an extraordinary,
- ebullient CD collection of 12 Gershwin tunes, including the
- famous Rhapsody in Blue.
- </p>
- <p> Already No. 1 on the Billboard classical charts, Gershwin Plays
- Gershwin is not only a superb musical document--given the
- composer and performer, that was to be expected--but also
- a remarkable example of technology put to the service of art.
- </p>
- <p> Piano rolls were not recordings; they were perforated rolls
- of paper capable of reproducing sounds that had been either
- hand-played by a pianist or simply punched by a roll editor,
- such as Frank Milne, whose spectacular four-hand arrangement
- of An American in Paris concludes the CD. Early rolls, played
- by a device called a Pianola, which fit over a conventional
- keyboard, were primitive affairs, capable of reproducing notes
- but little else; much depended on the Pianola's operator, who
- manipulated knobs and levers and pumped a foot bellows to make
- the contraption work. Later player pianos put the mechanism
- inside the instrument, and more sophisticated "reproducing rolls,"
- manufactured by the Duo-Art and Welte companies, were able to
- approximate nuances like dynamics and tempo shadings as well.
- </p>
- <p> The task that confronted Wodehouse was to replicate as closely
- as possible the sound of Gershwin's own playing. "I spent thousands
- of hours listening to Gershwin's recordings," says Wodehouse,
- a Stanford-trained pianist and musicologist who got a grant
- from the National Endowment for the Humanities in 1989 to work
- on the project. Using a rare 1911 88-note Pianola, in conjunction
- with a new Yamaha Disklavier, a kind of super-player piano that
- converts a performance into computer information, she was able
- to realize the earlier rolls. Wodehouse personally operated
- the Pianola and painstakingly fiddled with the rolls until she
- was satisfied with the performances. "I put in dynamics and
- accents," says Wodehouse. "I played the rolls over and over
- again, maybe a hundred times, and based the final mixes on what
- we know of Gershwin's playing and whatever was on the roll."
- </p>
- <p> The Disklavier was also used for reproducing the rolls. Two
- computer programmers, Richard Tonnesen and Richard Brandle,
- converted the information on the rolls, wrote programs that
- approximated the sounds and qualities of the old player pianos
- and stored the results on floppy disks. The disks were then
- inserted into the Disklavier and played back at the actual,
- if ghostly, recording session.
- </p>
- <p> "We have this great piece of fate that someone was able to use
- technology in an utterly musical fashion like this," says Nonesuch
- general manager Robert Hurwitz. "When people hear it, they don't
- realize the role of technology, and they don't think it is a
- piano roll."
- </p>
- <p> Wodehouse's efforts have been cheered by her fellow aficionados.
- "The ones I've heard have a live feeling, as if Gershwin were
- there," says Trebor Tichenor, a ragtime pianist and scholar
- in St. Louis, Missouri, who owns one of the largest private
- collections of piano rolls in America. Agrees collector Michael
- Montgomery, whose archives contain 100 of the extant Gershwin
- rolls: "It is the most careful, scholarly, faithful, high-integrity
- job that has ever been done with piano rolls."
- </p>
- <p> Indeed it is. What emerges from this complex collaboration is
- the illusion that, by George, Gershwin is right in one's living
- room, banging away in his fluid song-plugger style. "Gershwin
- never played soft," observes Wodehouse. But he did have a consummate
- technical command of his instrument, which, coupled with the
- tremendous rhythmic vitality of his playing, gives his performances
- an irresistible strut and swagger. Two more Gershwin albums
- are on the way from Wodehouse. 'S Wonderful!
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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